一艘潜艇对气候的影响有多大? 通用潜艇的生命周期分析
In an ongoing business development project at Business Area Kockums, the climate impact of a submarine during its total lifetime is being studied in a Life Cycle Analysis or Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is an established method that looks at everything from raw material extraction, 制造工艺及使用, 废物管理及循环再造, 包括运输和能源消耗.
热点
The project identifies which activities have a large environmental impact, 所谓的“热点”, and thus should be prioritised for future improvement measures. This includes construction, operation and maintenance, possible lifetime extension and scrapping.
Johanna Nordgaard, Head of ILS (Integrated Logistic 支持), project leads the work.
“We are currently developing a model and a method to review which hotspots have a design impact, without compromising the robustness of the submarine or its capabilities. We review the EU regulation as well as other regulations and conventions that may affect design or recycling of the submarine and its systems. “
An initial estimate is made together with 产品环境足迹(PEF) experts, 根据潜艇的主要部队. The estimate is based on a generic submarine of between 1500-3000 tons that has a lifespan of up to 30-50 years with overhaul periods of between 8-10 years. The content and depth of the assessment will be developed during the work.
“这个项目有长远的眼光. We protect democracy and our environment, the sea is sensitive. And what will life be like for the next generation of submariners? We have to keep that in mind when we develop our submarines because, 毕竟, 它们的寿命超过30年. 驱使我的是我们应该做些好事! We have to protect the sea and future generations", says Johanna.
PEF和LCA
产品环境足迹(PEF) -指定产品的计算规则和数据. PEF allows comparison of products between manufacturers as well as for internal comparisons.
The PEF method includes at least eight different categories that have an impact on biodiversity (e.g. 气候变化, 富营养化(淡水), 富营养化(海水), 富营养化(土地), 酸化, 水的利用, 土地使用, 生态毒性淡水).
生命周期评估或分析 - methodology to evaluate environmental impacts in a comprehensive and objective manner using a multi-criteria and life cycle perspective.
LCA enables: identification of the most important environmental challenges for a product and its so-called "hotspots" (materials, 流程, steps in the life cycle) that contribute most to the product's overall environmental impact.